## Summary The `latestBlock` variable is accessed and modified concurrently without synchronization, leading to a potential data race. ## Finding Description In the `OnStart()` function of the `EVMIndexerService` implementation in `server/indexer_service.go` https://cantina.xyz/code/e757364c-1f68-4ec5-94f6-c6b3c2e80c6d/mezod/server/indexer_service.go?lines=55,125 The variable `latestBlock` is used to track the latest known block height. This variable is shared between two concurrent contexts: 1. A background goroutine that updates `latestBlock` upon receiving new block headers: ```go go func() { for { msg := <-blockHeadersChan eventDataHeader := msg.Data.(types.EventDataNewBlockHeader) if eventDataHeader.Header.Height > latestBlock { latestBlock = eventDataHeader.Header.Height select { case newBlockSignal <- struct{}{}: default: } } } }() ``` 2. The main goroutine that reads the `latestBlock` during the block indexing process: ```go for { if latestBlock <= lastBlock { select { case <-newBlockSignal: case <-time.After(NewBlockWaitTimeout): } continue } for i := lastBlock + 1; i <= latestBlock; i++ { ... } } ``` There is no synchronization mechanism (e.g., mutexes or atomic operations) protecting access to `latestBlock`. This unsynchronized concurrent access creates a data race, which can cause reads or writes to the `latestBlock` to observe stale, partially updated, or corrupted values. The highest impact scenario is that the indexer may operate on incorrect block heights, skip blocks, reprocess the same blocks, or even crash in extreme cases if memory corruption occurs. ## Impact Explanation **Medium**. Data races undermine the fundamental correctness of concurrent programs. In this case, inconsistent values of `latestBlock` can lead to skipped data, incorrect indexing, application crashes, or silent data corruption, severely compromising the service's reliability. ## Likelihood Explanation **High**. Since the data race exists on a highly active variable updated as new blocks are received, the conditions for concurrent access are very frequent and almost guaranteed under normal operational load. ## Proof of Concept I write a unit test in `server/indexer_service_test.go`, no need to care about the un-implemented below comment `// --- Stub all unused methods ---method` I mocked the full interface function to prevent unimplemented errors. ```go package server_test import ( "context" "errors" "sync" "testing" "time" abci "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/abci/types" "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/libs/bytes" "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/libs/log" rpcclient "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/rpc/client" rpctypes "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/rpc/core/types" "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/types" tmtypes "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/types" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" "github.com/mezo-org/mezod/server" idexTypes "github.com/mezo-org/mezod/types" ) // MockClient implements the rpcclient.Client interface type MockClient struct { latestBlock int64 blockCh chan rpctypes.ResultEvent } func (mc *MockClient) Status(ctx context.Context) (*rpctypes.ResultStatus, error) { return &rpctypes.ResultStatus{ SyncInfo: rpctypes.SyncInfo{ LatestBlockHeight: mc.latestBlock, }, }, nil } func (mc *MockClient) Subscribe(ctx context.Context, subscriber, q string, outCapacity ...int) (<-chan rpctypes.ResultEvent, error) { return mc.blockCh, nil } func (mc *MockClient) Block(ctx context.Context, height *int64) (*rpctypes.ResultBlock, error) { return &rpctypes.ResultBlock{ Block: &types.Block{Header: types.Header{Height: *height}}, }, nil } func (mc *MockClient) BlockResults(ctx context.Context, height *int64) (*rpctypes.ResultBlockResults, error) { return &rpctypes.ResultBlockResults{}, nil } // MockEVMIndexer is a simple thread-safe mock of EVMTxIndexer type MockEVMIndexer struct { mu sync.Mutex lastBlock int64 indexedBlocks map[int64]*tmtypes.Block } // NewMockEVMIndexer creates a new mock indexer func NewMockEVMIndexer() *MockEVMIndexer { return &MockEVMIndexer{ lastBlock: -1, indexedBlocks: make(map[int64]*tmtypes.Block), } } // LastIndexedBlock returns the last indexed block height func (m *MockEVMIndexer) LastIndexedBlock() (int64, error) { m.mu.Lock() defer m.mu.Unlock() return m.lastBlock, nil } // IndexBlock mocks indexing a block func (m *MockEVMIndexer) IndexBlock(block *tmtypes.Block, _ []*abci.ExecTxResult) error { m.mu.Lock() defer m.mu.Unlock() if block == nil { return errors.New("nil block") } m.indexedBlocks[block.Height] = block m.lastBlock = block.Height return nil } // TestEVMIndexerService_DataRace simulates the race condition on latestBlock. func TestEVMIndexerService_DataRace(t *testing.T) { // Setup mockTxIndexer := NewMockEVMIndexer() mockClient := &MockClient{ latestBlock: 1, blockCh: make(chan rpctypes.ResultEvent, 10000), } eis := server.NewEVMIndexerService(mockTxIndexer, mockClient) // Simulate new blocks rapidly mockClient.latestBlock = 10 //Assump current latest block is 10 for i := int64(2); i < 10000; i++ { mockClient.blockCh <- rpctypes.ResultEvent{ Data: types.EventDataNewBlockHeader{ Header: types.Header{Height: i}, }, // Query: query.Empty{}, } } // Run the service in a goroutine go func() { _ = eis.OnStart() // ignore returned error for now }() // Let it run for a short while time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond) } // --- other rpcclient.Client methods can panic if called --- func (mc *MockClient) Unimplemented() { panic("unexpected call") } // --- Stub all unused methods --- // GetByTxHash always returns nil in this simple mock func (m *MockEVMIndexer) GetByTxHash(hash common.Hash) (*idexTypes.TxResult, error) { return nil, nil } // GetByBlockAndIndex always returns nil in this simple mock func (m *MockEVMIndexer) GetByBlockAndIndex(blockHeight int64, txIndex int32) (*idexTypes.TxResult, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) Start() error { return nil } func (m *MockClient) OnStart() error { return nil } func (m *MockClient) Stop() error { return nil } func (m *MockClient) OnStop() {} func (m *MockClient) Reset() error { return nil } func (m *MockClient) OnReset() error { return nil } func (m *MockClient) IsRunning() bool { return false } func (m *MockClient) Quit() <-chan struct{} { return make(chan struct{}) } func (m *MockClient) String() string { return "MockClient" } func (m *MockClient) SetLogger(logger log.Logger) {} func (m *MockClient) ABCIInfo(ctx context.Context) (*rpctypes.ResultABCIInfo, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) ABCIQuery(ctx context.Context, path string, data bytes.HexBytes) (*rpctypes.ResultABCIQuery, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) ABCIQueryWithOptions(ctx context.Context, path string, data bytes.HexBytes, opts rpcclient.ABCIQueryOptions) (*rpctypes.ResultABCIQuery, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) BroadcastTxCommit(ctx context.Context, tx tmtypes.Tx) (*rpctypes.ResultBroadcastTxCommit, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) BroadcastTxAsync(ctx context.Context, tx tmtypes.Tx) (*rpctypes.ResultBroadcastTx, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) BroadcastTxSync(ctx context.Context, tx tmtypes.Tx) (*rpctypes.ResultBroadcastTx, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) BlockByHash(ctx context.Context, hash []byte) (*rpctypes.ResultBlock, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) Header(ctx context.Context, height *int64) (*rpctypes.ResultHeader, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) HeaderByHash(ctx context.Context, hash bytes.HexBytes) (*rpctypes.ResultHeader, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) Commit(ctx context.Context, height *int64) (*rpctypes.ResultCommit, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) Validators(ctx context.Context, height *int64, page, perPage *int) (*rpctypes.ResultValidators, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) Tx(ctx context.Context, hash []byte, prove bool) (*rpctypes.ResultTx, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) TxSearch(ctx context.Context, query string, prove bool, page, perPage *int, orderBy string) (*rpctypes.ResultTxSearch, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) BlockSearch(ctx context.Context, query string, page, perPage *int, orderBy string) (*rpctypes.ResultBlockSearch, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) Genesis(ctx context.Context) (*rpctypes.ResultGenesis, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) GenesisChunked(ctx context.Context, chunk uint) (*rpctypes.ResultGenesisChunk, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) BlockchainInfo(ctx context.Context, minHeight, maxHeight int64) (*rpctypes.ResultBlockchainInfo, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) NetInfo(ctx context.Context) (*rpctypes.ResultNetInfo, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) DumpConsensusState(ctx context.Context) (*rpctypes.ResultDumpConsensusState, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) ConsensusState(ctx context.Context) (*rpctypes.ResultConsensusState, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) ConsensusParams(ctx context.Context, height *int64) (*rpctypes.ResultConsensusParams, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) Health(ctx context.Context) (*rpctypes.ResultHealth, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) Unsubscribe(ctx context.Context, subscriber, query string) error { return nil } func (m *MockClient) UnsubscribeAll(ctx context.Context, subscriber string) error { return nil } func (m *MockClient) UnconfirmedTxs(ctx context.Context, limit *int) (*rpctypes.ResultUnconfirmedTxs, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) NumUnconfirmedTxs(ctx context.Context) (*rpctypes.ResultUnconfirmedTxs, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) CheckTx(ctx context.Context, tx tmtypes.Tx) (*rpctypes.ResultCheckTx, error) { return nil, nil } func (m *MockClient) BroadcastEvidence(ctx context.Context, evidence tmtypes.Evidence) (*rpctypes.ResultBroadcastEvidence, error) { return nil, nil } ``` After running the test: ```go cd server && go test -race -v -run ^TestEVMIndexerService_DataRace$ ``` ```go ~/Desktop/mezod/server$ go test -race -v -run ^TestEVMIndexerService_DataRace$ === RUN TestEVMIndexerService_DataRace ================== WARNING: DATA RACE Write at 0x00c00041e008 by goroutine 32: github.com/mezo-org/mezod/server.(*EVMIndexerService).OnStart.func1() /home/vieet/Desktop/mezod/server/indexer_service.go:82 +0x197 Previous read at 0x00c00041e008 by goroutine 31: github.com/mezo-org/mezod/server.(*EVMIndexerService).OnStart() /home/vieet/Desktop/mezod/server/indexer_service.go:97 +0x349 github.com/mezo-org/mezod/server_test.TestEVMIndexerService_DataRace.func1() /home/vieet/Desktop/mezod/server/indexer_service_test.go:107 +0x2e Goroutine 32 (running) created at: github.com/mezo-org/mezod/server.(*EVMIndexerService).OnStart() /home/vieet/Desktop/mezod/server/indexer_service.go:77 +0x2f2 github.com/mezo-org/mezod/server_test.TestEVMIndexerService_DataRace.func1() /home/vieet/Desktop/mezod/server/indexer_service_test.go:107 +0x2e Goroutine 31 (running) created at: github.com/mezo-org/mezod/server_test.TestEVMIndexerService_DataRace() /home/vieet/Desktop/mezod/server/indexer_service_test.go:106 +0x4a4 testing.tRunner() /snap/go/10888/src/testing/testing.go:1792 +0x225 testing.(*T).Run.gowrap1() /snap/go/10888/src/testing/testing.go:1851 +0x44 ================== ================== ``` You can see that a data race issue appears when both read and write concurrently. ```go Write at 0x00c00041e008 by goroutine 32: github.com/mezo-org/mezod/server.(*EVMIndexerService).OnStart.func1() /home/vieet/Desktop/mezod/server/indexer_service.go:82 +0x197 Previous read at 0x00c00041e008 by goroutine 31: github.com/mezo-org/mezod/server.(*EVMIndexerService).OnStart() /home/vieet/Desktop/mezod/server/indexer_service.go:97 +0x349 github.com/mezo-org/mezod/server_test.TestEVMIndexerService_DataRace.func1() /home/vieet/Desktop/mezod/server/indexer_service_test.go:107 +0x2e ``` write at : ```go go func() { for { msg := <-blockHeadersChan eventDataHeader := msg.Data.(types.EventDataNewBlockHeader) if eventDataHeader.Header.Height > latestBlock { ***** latestBlock = eventDataHeader.Header.Height // notify select { case newBlockSignal <- struct{}{}: default: } } } }() ``` and read at: ```go if lastBlock == -1 { ***** lastBlock = latestBlock } ``` ## Recommendation Synchronize access to `latestBlock` to eliminate the data race. There are two common approaches: 1. **Use a `sync.Mutex`** to guard all reads and writes to `latestBlock`. 2. **Use `sync/atomic` package** for atomic reads and writes if performance is critical and `latestBlock` is an integer.

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