### Description When using dynamic configuration (`builder.flags.static_only == false`), an arbitrary number of proofs `per_air` can be provided (independently of the number of chips used during key generation). However, as the chips used during keygen are matched to these proofs by index, the access made to match the additional chip is made out-of-bounds: [stark/mod.rs#L320-L330](https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/5645aafa69c56e7876113187afba34ee85a3bb4c/extensions/native/recursion/src/stark/mod.rs#L320-L330): ```rust // Build domains let domains = builder.array(num_airs); let quotient_domains = builder.array(num_airs); let trace_points_per_domain = builder.array(num_airs); let quotient_chunk_domains = builder.array(num_airs); let num_quotient_mats: Usize<_> = builder.eval(RVar::zero()); //@audit num_airs is the number of airs provided in the proof builder.range(0, num_airs).for_each(|i_vec, builder| { let i = i_vec[0]; //@audit get the air proof by index let air_proof = builder.get(air_proofs, i); let log_degree: RVar<_> = air_proof.log_degree.clone().into(); //@audit get the verifier data by index, but in this case, `m_advice_var.per_air` is shorter than `air_proofs` //@audit last access is undefined (but does not fail) let advice = builder.get(&m_advice_var.per_air, i); ``` > Please note that due to the complex nature of the recursion DSL, we have only been able to verify some hypotheses. For example that the additional out-of-bound access does not fail in the recursion program. It should be possible to influence the cumulative sum and add a term which cancels it: [stark/mod.rs#L985-L1016](https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/5645aafa69c56e7876113187afba34ee85a3bb4c/extensions/native/recursion/src/stark/mod.rs#L985-L1016): ```rust fn assert_cumulative_sums( builder: &mut Builder, air_proofs: &Array>, num_challenges_to_sample: &Array>, ) { let num_phase = num_challenges_to_sample.len(); // Currently only support 0 or 1 phase is supported. builder.if_eq(num_phase, RVar::one()).then(|builder| { let cumulative_sum: Ext = builder.eval(C::F::ZERO); builder //@audit the range is based on proof length >> .range(0, air_proofs.len()) .for_each(|i_vec, builder| { let i = i_vec[0]; let air_proof_input = builder.get(air_proofs, i); //@audit the additional exposed value will be added to cumulative_sum let exposed_values = air_proof_input.exposed_values_after_challenge; ... // cumulative sum logic }) ... // cumulative sum logic }); } ``` Where as the associated verification of exposed values will only be observed by challenger if there is a `exposed` on the verification key: [stark/mod.rs#L264-L310](https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/main/extensions/native/recursion/src/stark/mod.rs#L264-L310): ```rust builder.if_eq(num_phases, RVar::one()).then(|builder| { let phase_idx = RVar::zero(); let num_to_sample = RVar::from(2); let provided_num_to_sample = builder.get(&num_challenges_to_sample, phase_idx); builder.assert_usize_eq(provided_num_to_sample, num_to_sample); let challenges: Array> = builder.array(num_to_sample); // Sample challenges needed in this phase. builder.range(0, num_to_sample).for_each(|i_vec, builder| { let challenge = challenger.sample_ext(builder); builder.set_value(&challenges, i_vec[0], challenge); }); builder.set_value(&challenges_per_phase, phase_idx, challenges); //@audit iterate over the number of airs provided in the proof builder.range(0, num_airs).for_each(|j_vec, builder| { let j = j_vec[0]; //@audit get air_advice by index (last one does not exist) let air_advice = builder.get(&m_advice_var.per_air, j); builder .if_ne( //@audit if the last index does has num_exposed_values_after_challenge == 0, the proof value will not be observed >> air_advice.num_exposed_values_after_challenge.len(), >> RVar::zero(), ) .then(|builder| { ... //@audit challenger observe exposed value after challenge }); }); // Observe single commitment to all trace matrices in this phase. let commit = builder.get(after_challenge_commits, phase_idx); challenger.observe_digest(builder, commit); }); ``` This would allow to manipulate the cumulative sum, and help pass the sum check even if interactions do not cancel out. ### Recommendation The number of airs provided in the proof should be checked against the advice `per_air` length

Engagement	Project title	Timeframe	Researchers
Sorella Labs	Sorella Angstrom	Jul 2025 - Jul 2025
Charm Finance	alpha-contracts-v2.1	Jun 2025 - Jun 2025
Cod3x	Astera	Dec 2024 - Jan 2025
Tradable Finance	onchain-v2-diff	Oct 2024 - Oct 2024
Tradable Finance	tradable-onchainv2	Jul 2024 - Aug 2024	+1
Superform	Superform-core	Jun 2024 - Jul 2024

cergyk

Private reviews